Parshat Yitro
Uniqueness of Each Child

- By Rabbi Dr. Aaron Adler
President, YBA Ner Tamid, Hashmonaim

ùîåú ôø÷ éç


(á) åÇéÌÄ÷ÌÇç éÄúÀøåÉ çÉúÅï îÉùÑÆä àÆú öÄôÌÉøÈä àÅùÑÆú îÉùÑÆä àÇçÇø ùÑÄìÌåÌçÆéäÈ: (â) åÀàÅú ùÑÀðÅé áÈðÆéäÈ àÂùÑÆø ùÑÅí äÈàÆçÈã âÌÅøÀùÑÉí ëÌÄé àÈîÇø âÌÅø äÈéÄéúÄé áÌÀàÆøÆõ ðÈëÀøÄéÌÈä: (ã) åÀùÑÅí äÈàÆçÈã àÁìÄéòÆæÆø ëÌÄé àÁìÉäÅé àÈáÄé áÌÀòÆæÀøÄé åÇéÌÇöÌÄìÅðÄé îÅçÆøÆá ôÌÇøÀòÉä:


 


            Comparative studies of identical or similar literary structural forms, is basic to any attempt to accurately interpret a text. Our Sages have indicated that occasionally a text is sparce with information in one context while wealthy in another (''ãáøé úåøä òðééí áî÷åí àçã åòùéøéí áî÷åîåú àçøéí''). By comparing textual similarities, the secret of accurate interpretation becomes unveiled to all.


            In the opening section of this week's Parshat Yitro, we learn of Yitro – Moshe's father-in-law – joining the children of Israel immediately after the Exodus from Egypt. He collects his daughter, Zipporah – Moshe's wife – and her two children, Gershom and Eliezer. The Torah parenthetically offers the reasons for these particular two names. We read (Shemot 18:3-4, above),''åÀàÅú ùÑÀðÅé áÈðÆéäÈ àÂùÑÆø ùÑÅí äÈàÆçÈã âÌÅøÀùÑÉí ëÌÄé àÈîÇø âÌÅø äÈéÄéúÄé áÌÀàÆøÆõ ðÈëÀøÄéÌÈä: åÀùÑÅí äÈàÆçÈã àÁìÄéòÆæÆø ëÌÄé àÁìÉäÅé àÈáÄé áÌÀòÆæÀøÄé åÇéÌÇöÌÄìÅðÄé îÅçÆøÆá ôÌÇøÀòÉä''.


The double usage of the phrase, ''ùí äàçã...åùí äàçã'', (''one name is and one name is'') seems somewhat awkward. One might have expected a smoother formulation suggesting ''the first and the second'', as opposed to ''the one and the one''. Biblical precedent exists for the smoother formulation. In Shemot 25:32 it reads,''åÀùÑÄùÌÑÈä ÷ÈðÄéí éÉöÀàÄéí îÄöÌÄãÌÆéäÈ ùÑÀìÉùÑÈä ÷ÀðÅé îÀðÉøÈä îÄöÌÄãÌÈäÌ äÈàÆçÈã åÌùÑÀìÉùÑÈä ÷ÀðÅé îÀðÉøÈä îÄöÌÄãÌÈäÌ äÇùÌÑÅðÄé''. In Shemot 29:39 it reads,''àÆú äÇëÌÆáÆùÒ äÈàÆçÈã úÌÇòÂùÒÆä áÇáÌÉ÷Æø åÀàÅú äÇëÌÆáÆùÒ äÇùÌÑÅðÄé úÌÇòÂùÒÆä áÌÅéï äÈòÇøÀáÌÈéÄí''. Other examples include Bamidbar 11:26,(''åÇéÌÄùÌÑÈàÂøåÌ ùÑÀðÅé àÂðÈùÑÄéí áÌÇîÌÇçÂðÆä ùÑÅí äÈàÆçÈã àÆìÀãÌÈã åÀùÑÅí äÇùÌÑÅðÄé îÅéãÈã'') and II Samuel 4:2,(''åÌùÑÀðÅé àÂðÈùÑÄéí ùÒÈøÅé âÀãåÌãÄéí äÈéåÌ áÆï ùÑÈàåÌì ùÑÅí äÈàÆçÈã áÌÇòÂðÈä åÀùÑÅí äÇùÌÑÅðÄé øÅëÈá áÌÀðÅé øÄîÌåÉï äÇáÌÀàÅøÉúÄé îÄáÌÀðÅé áÄðÀéÈîÄï'').


            However, a comparative textual study of the entire Bible reveals that the pattern of ''äàçã...åäàçã'' (''one is and one is'') is not uncommon in the texts. Some examples include Vayirka 5:7,(''åÀàÄí ìÉà úÇâÌÄéòÇ éÈãåÉ ãÌÅé ùÒÆä åÀäÅáÄéà àÆú àÂùÑÈîåÉ àÂùÑÆø çÈèÈà ùÑÀúÌÅé úÉøÄéí àåÉ ùÑÀðÅé áÀðÅé éåÉðÈä ìÇä' àÆçÈã ìÀçÇèÌÈàú åÀàÆçÈã ìÀòÉìÈä''), Vayikra 16:8,(''åÀðÈúÇï àÇäÂøÉï òÇì ùÑÀðÅé äÇùÌÒÀòÄéøÄí âÌåÉøÈìåÉú âÌåÉøÈì àÆçÈã ìÇä' åÀâåÉøÈì àÆçÈã ìÇòÂæÈàæÅì''), Shoftim 16:29,(''åÇéÌÄìÀôÌÉú ùÑÄîÀùÑåÉï àÆú ùÑÀðÅé òÇîÌåÌãÅé äÇúÌÈåÆêÀ àÂùÑÆø äÇáÌÇéÄú ðÈëåÉï òÂìÅéäÆí åÇéÌÄñÌÈîÅêÀ òÂìÅéäÆí àÆçÈã áÌÄéîÄéðåÉ åÀàÆçÈã áÌÄùÒÀîÉàìåÉ''), II Samuel 12:1,(''åÇéÌÄùÑÀìÇç ä' àÆú ðÈúÈï àÆì ãÌÈåÄã åÇéÌÈáÉà àÅìÈéå åÇéÌÉàîÆø ìåÉ ùÑÀðÅé àÂðÈùÑÄéí äÈéåÌ áÌÀòÄéø àÆçÈú àÆçÈã òÈùÑÄéø åÀàÆçÈã øÈàùÑ''), I Kings 12:28-29,(''åÇéÌÄåÌÈòÇõ äÇîÌÆìÆêÀ åÇéÌÇòÇùÒ ùÑÀðÅé òÆâÀìÅé æÈäÈá åÇéÌÉàîÆø àÂìÅäÆí øÇá ìÈëÆí îÅòÂìåÉú éÀøåÌùÑÈìÇÄí äÄðÌÅä àÁìÉäÆéêÈ éÄùÒÀøÈàÅì àÂùÑÆø äÆòÁìåÌêÈ îÅàÆøÆõ îÄöÀøÈéÄí: åÇéÌÈùÒÆí àÆú äÈàÆçÈã áÌÀáÅéú àÅì åÀàÆú äÈàÆçÈã ðÈúÇï áÌÀãÈï''), Ezekiel 41:11,(''åÌôÆúÇç äÇöÌÅìÈò ìÇîÌËðÌÈç ôÌÆúÇç àÆçÈã ãÌÆøÆêÀ äÇöÌÈôåÉï åÌôÆúÇç àÆçÈã ìÇãÌÈøåÉí åÀøÉçÇá îÀ÷åÉí äÇîÌËðÌÈç çÈîÅùÑ àÇîÌåÉú ñÈáÄéá ñÈáÄéá''), and Zecharia 4:3,(''åÌùÑÀðÇéÄí æÅéúÄéí òÈìÆéäÈ àÆçÈã îÄéîÄéï äÇâÌËìÌÈä åÀàÆçÈã òÇì ùÒÀîÉàìÈäÌ'').


            Careful analysis of all the above illustrations of ''äàçã...åäàçã'' (''one is and one is'') leads one to the conclusion that these texts do not refer to the ordinal numbers of the first followed by the second. Rather, they speak of each item as being individually unique. The first day of Creation (Bereishit 1:5) is referred to as ''éåí àçã'' and not ''éåí øàùåï''. This is explained by Ramban that until a second day exists, there is no significance to a first day.''åòì ãøê äôùè ìà éúëï ìåîø ''éåí øàùåï'', áòáåø ùòãééï ìà ðòùä äùðé, ëé äøàùåï ÷åãí ìùðé áîðéï àå áîòìä, àáì ùðéäí ðîöàéí, ''åäàçã'' ìà éåøä òì ùðé''. [See, Piskei Din, Yerushalayim, Dinei Mamonot, VII Pg.164, for an interesting discussion surrounding the use of ''éåí àçã'' as opposed to ''éåí øàùåï'' in a Get or a Ketubah.] Rashi, quoting a Midrashic source, suggests that the ''éåí àçã'' is a reference to G-d who existed alone in the world on that first day.''ìôé ñãø [ìùåï] äôøùä äéä ìå ìëúåá éåí øàùåï, ëîå ùëúåá áùàø äéîéí ùðé, ùìéùé, øáéòé. ìîä ëúá àçã, ìôé ùäéä ä÷á''ä éçéã áòåìîå ùìà ðáøàå äîìàëéí òã éåí ùðé''. Rambam (Hilchot Yesodei HaTorah 1:7) teaches that the concept of ''one'' in reference to G-d can only be interpreted in terms of being unique.''àìåä æä àçã äåà åàéðå ùðéí åìà éúø òì ùðéí, àìà àçã, ùàéï ëéçåãå àçã îï äàçãéí äðîöàéí áòåìí....åéãéòú ãáø æä îöåú òùä ùðàîø ä' àì÷éðå ä' àçã''.


            This interpretation of ''uniqueness'' is transferred over to the various Biblical illustrations of ''àçã...åàçã''. [See the Radak, (Joshua 12:9) explanation to the multiple-use of ''àçã'' in mentioning each of the thirty one conquered kingdoms. All of these kings enjoyed a particular unique standing.''ëì àìä ùìùéí åàçã îìëéí ùæåëø [=ùðæëø] ìà äéä îìê òì òéø àçú ìáãä àìà ëì òéø åòéø ùæåëø [=ùðæëø] äéúä øàù îîìëúå åäéä îåùì òì òééøåú åëôøéí àçøéí''] The pairs in each of the ''one and one'' examples are not to be regarded simply as one followed by another. Rather, each of the pairs stands independently on its own merit. The second does not owe its legitimacy to the first. It has its own identity and validity.


            In this spirit are we to understand the text of the two sons of Moshe (Shemot 18:3-4), ''åÀàÅú ùÑÀðÅé áÈðÆéäÈ àÂùÑÆø ùÑÅí äÈàÆçÈã âÌÅøÀùÑÉí ëÌÄé àÈîÇø âÌÅø äÈéÄéúÄé áÌÀàÆøÆõ ðÈëÀøÄéÌÈä: åÀùÑÅí äÈàÆçÈã àÁìÄéòÆæÆø ëÌÄé àÁìÉäÅé àÈáÄé áÌÀòÆæÀøÄé åÇéÌÇöÌÄìÅðÄé îÅçÆøÆá ôÌÇøÀòÉä''. Moshe's children were given different names for different reasons. Each one had a particular mission in life to develop his unique personality. Each one was ''àçã'' in the sense of being unique.


Not only were the children of Moshe treated as ''äàçã...äàçã'', but all children in a family must be treated as unique individuals. What is good and appropriate for one child might be a disaster for the next. Serious parenting demands that unique needs of each of the children be identified early in life, thus providing each child with the maximum opportunities to meet his or her potential. This is true regarding educating towards proper social behavior as well as cultivating ones spiritual dimension. The Giving of the Law was carried out in multi-faceted form. The Torah says (Shemot 19:3),''ëÌÉä úÉàîÇø ìÀáÅéú éÇòÂ÷Éá åÀúÇâÌÅéã ìÄáÀðÅé éÄùÒÀøÈàÅì''. In areas of strictness versus leniency and potential versus actual, the uniqueness of each and every individual child must be carefully considered. This is the Mt. Sinai educational mandate to every parent as given over by Moshe (Devarim 4:9-10)''...åÀäåÉãÇòÀúÌÈí ìÀáÈðÆéêÈ åÀìÄáÀðÅé áÈðÆéêÈ: éåÉí àÂùÑÆø òÈîÇãÀúÌÈ ìÄôÀðÅé ä' àÁì÷éêÈ áÌÀçÉøÅá áÌÆàÁîÉø ä' àÅìÇé äÇ÷ÀäÆì ìÄé àÆú äÈòÈí åÀàÇùÑÀîÄòÅí àÆú ãÌÀáÈøÈé àÂùÑÆø éÄìÀîÀãåÌï ìÀéÄøÀàÈä àÉúÄé ëÌÈì äÇéÌÈîÄéí àÂùÑÆø äÅí çÇéÌÄéí òÇì äÈàÂãÈîÈä åÀàÆú áÌÀðÅéäÆí éÀìÇîÌÅãåÌï''.


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